Warsaw

Located in the heart of the country, Warsaw, although it was founded relatively late (compared to other Polish cities), at the beginning of the XIV century, in 1611 she had already several times to visit the capital of the country. At all times as a cultural and industrial center, Warsaw was one of the most beautiful and sophisticated cities in Central Europe, until, until it was virtually wiped out during World War II. In essence, Warsaw - the post-war product, and in appearance and in spirit. While many of its historic monuments have been restored, much of the city made all the same in a modern style. A new species of Warsaw is impressive, despite the fact that there are many neighborhoods with the Stalinist structures and simple does not stand out buildings. p> city is divided Vistula river in two parts. In the western sector of the left bank of the river are located the city center and Old Town to the north of the center. Almost all the attractions and most of the tourism sector are just this side of river. On the right bank in a suburb of Prague, there is no significant tourist attractions and very few tourists. Old Town was rebuilt from scratch, since there remained only a pile of rubble after the Second World War. Restoration commemorative structures, which were built between 1949 and 1963 years, was intended to restore the previous view of the city XVII-XVIII centuries. Each piece of architecture, found in ruins, was used in the reconstruction process. In 1945, the Old Town Square was a wall of two houses, sticking out from under the ruins, and today it is - a harmonious blend of Renaissance, Baroque and Gothic styles. In the square there is a good atmosphere, outdoor cafes, art stalls. On the northern side of the square stretches Historical Museum of Warsaw, where you can see an amazing documentary about the destruction and reconstruction of the city, as exhibited in the museum collection on the early history of Warsaw. main boulevard Warsaw - Royal Route, which runs from north to south from the Royal Palace to the Royal Lozhenok (old royal palace). Road - one of the most stunning European streets, on the sides which are churches, palaces, galleries and museums. After half of the street, turn east and see the dingy yellow-brown and disgusting to look National Museum, where there are real treasures of art of different eras. The most beautiful exponents - a collection of frescoes from the ancient Christian church in Pharos, Sudan, dating back to the VIII-XII centuries. Also on display are amazing Coptic crosses. align=baseline border=0> In Warsaw, a large selection of ethnic cuisine restaurants that are open till late at night. In the Old City of rapidly increasing number of restaurants offering both Polish and international cuisine. In the southern part of the Royal path are student clubs that offer a range of cultural activities including concerts of one artist, poetry, theater performances, as well as folk and jazz concerts, but the main focus of the entertainment life of the city at night take a disco. The city has a low budget, but usually they are located far from the center and not very luxurious. Some university dormitories have a couple of good, and you can rent a room in a private home through travel agencies (information can be found in the Help Center, located opposite the Royal Palace). Near the central bus station is a small campsite. As the capital of Poland, Warsaw takes as domestic and international planes, trains, buses. The main railway station is located in the center and bus station - to the south of the city center. The airport is located in the southern suburbs in the city center. Age of Warsaw, in fact much older than it seems at first glance. The first settlements in the territory of the city first began to emerge in 10 century and the first written mention of them date back to about 11 century. The city itself was founded in the early 14 th century, when the princes of Mazovia built a fortress on the spot where now is the Royal Castle. Hundred years later, Warsaw became the official residence of the princes of Mazovia, the city begins to grow and develop. In 1526, Masovian Duchy, including Warsaw, is part of the Polish kingdom with its capital in Krakow. Until the unification of Poland and Lithuania in 1569 the city maintains political stability and neutrality. 27 years after the merger of King Zygmunt III Waza transferred the capital from Krakow to Warsaw. Later the city suffered greatly from the Swedish troops. Between 1655 and 1658 years, he was besieged three times and was completely looted. However, by the end of the century the political situation stabilized, and Warsaw again became an important center of culture, education and enlightenment. This is a period marked by the reign of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski, later named the second "golden age" of Warsaw. also important to note that the May 3, 1791 in Warsaw, was adopted by the first democratic constitution in Europe (second only after the United States). During the three partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia in 1772, 1793, and 1795. Warsaw had to go through times of decline. During the Prussian government Warsaw almost become an ordinary provincial town, but after the occurrence of eastern Poland in the Russia Empire, meaning the city rose again. align=baseline border=0> Poland managed to regain its independence until the end of the First World War. Warsaw again became the capital. But after several decades of Nazi troops invaded Poland. This happened on September 1, 1939. Siege of Warsaw, lasted 28 days, but in the end the city fell, despite the heroic efforts of the defenders. However, resistance continued during the entire war. It was marked by two major uprisings in 1943 and 1944. In recent months the war, the Nazis tried to destroy the town to the base, about 85 percent of the city was in ruins. 17 th January 1945 the Red Army took Warsaw and relieve the city from Nazi troops. After World War II, Warsaw was almost entirely rebuilt. Royal Castle and Old Town have been restored to the drawings of 17 and 18 centuries. p> Today Polish capital once again experiencing a period of recovery. The city is developing steadily, while retaining its unique atmosphere. Warsaw Old Town - one of the most visited Polish sites. It has yellowed from time metrics. The age of this architectural complex is calculated not centuries, but, rather, for decades. But, despite this sense of not being deceived, Old Town - is authentic medieval town, with a peculiar system of streets, the facades of Renaissance, rebuilt from the ruins after World War II, construction of the XIII century Warsaw before the war occupies an area of. rectangular market and strictly perpendicular to the network of streets around it are the typical architectural solution of the time, is less typical is the location of the main church of the city - Cathedral of St. John - at some distance from the market. The city grew so rapidly that even in XV century near the Old Town, just outside the city gates came his understudy - New Town, with its market and a network of streets. At the end of the XVI century Polish King Zygmunt III Vasa decided to move the capital from Krakow to Warsaw. Standing on a steep bank of the river lock the princes of Mazovia became a royal castle. Capital grew, built new palaces and residences, streets were replaced by wide avenues and narrow Old City colonized the lower classes: merchants, shopkeepers and artisans. Grow to the XIX century the old part of town even during the Nazi occupation was attractive because of the poetry of picturesque alleys and courtyards, the original architectural details, the harmony of the old shrines. In 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the burning city was close to destruction. But the worst happened later: after the suppression of the revolt, Hitler ordered the complete destruction of the city. The Nazis blew up the castle walls, broke the column Zygmunt, Old and New Town turned into a sea of ruins. It seemed that Warsaw was impossible to recover. But the romantic Poles did not agree to remove debris and build houses on the site of destruction. After the war began painstaking work on the reconstruction of the city on the basis of the surviving old plans, photographs, drawings and descriptions. When used in the restoration of all remaining elements of the buildings. Gradually, at the spot of the quarter rose architectural complex, much more like a medieval original, than the pre-war Old City. Seen from the impressive Royal Castle houses adorned with exquisite moldings, you must remember the selfless work of Warsaw builders, architects and restorers. In the XVII century Here are the Polish kings, here Seimas passed a turning point for the history of the Polish Constitution on May 5, the second constitution in the history of mankind and one of the most progressive. Cathedral of St. John remembers the sublime and the sad moments of Polish history, were buried the best sons of Warsaw and Poland. In the cathedral located in the famous Pantheon rest Poles, folk heroes. Here you can bow to the polls with the ashes of Ignacy Paderewski, the first Polish President Gabriel Narutowicza Nobel Prize in Literature Henryk Sienkiewicz. These are graves of the princes Mazowiecki and the last king of Poland - Stanislaw August Poniatowski. align=baseline border=0> History speaks to you on the streets of the Old and New City, you feel her breath in the traditional Polish restaurants have a basilisk or Fukera. From Old City to the new road leads through the thick walls of the barbican. Here you can see the house, which was born a great woman, Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie. Admirable dome of the monastery church Sakramentok. This monastery was founded Marysienka Sobieski, the queen of Poland, from the French kind d'Arkven. On the bank of the Vistula, on the escarpment, sit courting couples. It overlooks the river - the last of the major European rivers free of dams. align=baseline border=0> today in the Old and New Town festive atmosphere prevails everywhere placed easels artists, tourists take pictures and shoot cameras. The tragic moments in history like a museum in Warsaw's Old Town Market Square and the monument to the Warsaw Rebellion Dlouhy at the intersection of streets and squares Krasinski.